JAVA BASICS 4

JAVA BASICS 4

71. Can an unreachable object become reachable again?

An unreachable object may become reachable again. This can happen when the

object's finalize() method is invoked and the object performs an operation which causes it to

become accessible to reachable objects.

72. What method must be implemented by all threads?

All tasks must implement the run() method, whether they are a subclass of Thread or implement the

Runnable interface.

73. What are synchronized methods and synchronized statements?

Synchronized methods are methods that are used to control access to an object. A thread only

executes a synchronized method after it has acquired the lock for the method's object or class.

Synchronized statements are similar to synchronized methods. A synchronized statement can only be

executed after a thread has acquired the lock for the object or class referenced in the synchronized

statement.

74. What is Externalizable?

Externalizable is an Interface that extends Serializable Interface. And sends data into Streams in

Compressed Format. It has two methods, writeExternal(ObjectOuput

out) and readExternal(ObjectInput in).

75. What modifiers are allowed for methods in an Interface?

Only public and abstract modifiers are allowed for methods in interfaces.

76. What are some alternatives to inheritance?

Delegation is an alternative to inheritance.

Delegation means that you include an instance of another class as an instance variable, and forward

messages to the instance. It is often safer than inheritance because it forces you to think about each

message you forward, because the instance is of a known class, rather than a new class, and because

it doesn't force you to accept all the methods of the super class: you can provide only the methods

that really make sense. On the other hand, it makes you write more code, and it is harder to re-use

(because it is not a subclass).

77. What does it mean that a method or field is "static"?

Static variables and methods are instantiated only once per class. In other words they are class

variables, not instance variables. If you change the value of a static variable in a particular object, the

value of that variable changes for all instances of that class.

Static methods can be referenced with the name of the class rather than the name of a particular

object of the class (though that works too). That's how library methods

like System.out.println() work out is a static field in the java.lang.System class.

78. What is the difference between preemptive scheduling and time slicing?

Under preemptive scheduling, the highest priority task executes until it enters the waiting or dead

states or a higher priority task comes into existence. Under time slicing, a task executes for a

predefined slice of time and then reenters the pool of ready tasks.

The scheduler then determines which task should execute next, based on priority and other factors.

79. What is the catch or declare rule for method declarations?

If a checked exception may be thrown within the body of a method, the method must either catch the

exception or declare it in its throws clause.

80. Is Empty .java file a valid source file?

Yes. An empty .java file is a perfectly valid source file.

81. Can a .java file contain more than one java classes?

Yes. A .java file contain more than one java classes, provided at the most one of them is a public

class.

82. Is String a primitive data type in Java?

No. String is not a primitive data type in Java, even though it is one of the most extensively used

object. Strings in Java are instances of String class defined in java.lang package.

83. Is main a keyword in Java?

No. main is not a keyword in Java.

84. Is next a keyword in Java?

No. next is not a keyword.

85. Is delete a keyword in Java?

No. delete is not a keyword in Java. Java does not make use of explicit destructors the way C++

does.

86. Is exit a keyword in Java?

No. To exit a program explicitly you use exit method in System object.

87. What happens if you dont initialize an instance variable of any of the primitive types in

Java?

Java by default initializes it to the default value for that primitive type. Thus an int will be initialized

to 0(zero), a boolean will be initialized to false.

88. What will be the initial value of an object reference which is defined as an instance

variable?

The object references are all initialized to null in Java. However in order to do anything useful with

these references, you must set them to a valid object, else you will

get NullPointerExceptions everywhere you try to use such default initialized references.

89. What are the different scopes for Java variables?

The scope of a Java variable is determined by the context in which the variable is declared. Thus a

java variable can have one of the three scopes at any given point in time.

1. Instance : - These are typical object level variables, they are initialized to default values at the time

of creation of object, and remain accessible as long as the object accessible.

2. Local : - These are the variables that are defined within a method. They remain accessbile only

during the course of method excecution. When the method finishes execution, these variables fall out

of scope.

3. Static: - These are the class level variables. They are initialized when the class is loaded in JVM for

the first time and remain there as long as the class remains loaded. They are not tied to any particular

object instance.

90. What is the default value of the local variables?

The local variables are not initialized to any default value, neither primitives nor object references. If

you try to use these variables without initializing them explicitly, the java compiler will not compile the

code. It will complain abt the local varaible not being initilized.